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HPV疫苗必须接种吗？为何年龄划定在13周岁？官方解答→_我的网站

A |           　　自2025年11月10日起，HPV疫苗纳入国家免疫规划。    South Korea has steadily built a reputation for creating some of the most inventive and spine-chilling horror films. If you are thinking of simple jump scares, you are in for a lot! Simply put, K-horror thrives on atmosphere, folklore, psychological complexity and a uniquely Korean blend of tragedy and terror. These films pull you in with stylish direction and layered storytelling. Interestingly, they leave you thinking about their implications long after you’ve locked all your doors and switched on every light in the house.If you’re ready for a guided tour through Korea’s most unforgettable nightmares, here are ten of the best Korean horror movies for you to watch with your lights on.     In This Article      1. A Tale of Two Sisters (2003)2. The Wailing (2016)3. Train to Busan (2016)4. I Saw the Devil (2010)5. Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum (2018)6. Thirst (2009)7. The Host (2006)8. The Call (2020)9. Whispering Corridors (1998)10. The Piper (2015)1. A Tale of Two Sisters (2003)          Kim Jee Woon’s gothic psychological horror remains a benchmark for modern Korean cinema. Loosely rooted in an old Joseon-era folktale, the story revolves around two sisters who return from a mental health facility only to encounter escalating tension with their cold and unpredictable stepmother. From its dreamlike cinematography to its suffocating atmosphere, the film invites viewers into a labyrinth of memory, trauma and hallucination. Instead of spelling things out, it asks you to piece together the truth.     2. The Wailing (2016)          If A Tale of Two Sisters is a fairy-tale nightmare, The Wailing is a sprawling supernatural epic disguised as a crime drama. It is set in a quiet mountain village that is plagued by bizarre illnesses and gruesome murders. The film follows an overwhelmed police officer who becomes embroiled in a series of events involving shamans, demons and eerie strangers. Director Na Hong Jin blends spiritual mythology with real world dread. The Wailing isn’t just scary; it is unsettling in a way few films dare to be.     3. Train to Busan (2016)          Zombie films may feel overdone, but Train to Busan revitalises the genre globally. It is set almost entirely aboard a high-speed train, as the story begins with a viral outbreak that transforms commuters into ravenous undead within minutes. What elevates the film isn’t just the tight, breathless action choreography but its emotional core. At its centre is a father trying to reconnect with his young daughter and their evolving bond anchors the chaos around them. The characters are well drawn, the social commentary is sharp, and the pacing is absolutely relentless. It is a perfect example of how Korean filmmakers turn genre films into human stories.     4. I Saw the Devil (2010)          Not for the faint-hearted, as I Saw the Devil blurs the line between horror and thriller. A secret agent embarks on a mission of revenge after his fiancée is murdered by a sadistic serial killer. Now a cat-and-mouse chase begins that becomes a brutal story of vengeance. The film is horrifying because of the killer’s cruelty and the protagonist’s descent into moral corruption. It comes with slick cinematography and Kim Jee Woon manages to keep the audiences hooked with nerve-shredding tension. The violence is graphic and chilling, to say the least.     5. Gonjiam: Haunted Asylum (2018)          This movie explores the lives of a group of young content creators. They visit an abandoned psychiatric hospital to livestream their investigation for views and sponsorship money. At first, it feels like a mischievous reality-TV stunt. It is complete with pranks planned to scare the audience. But once the group begins exploring deeper into the asylum, the pranks give way to very real and very terrifying phenomena. The film’s shaky-cam style makes each moment feel immersive and real. Also, its exploration of the internet culture adds a modern twist to the haunted-asylum trope.     6. Thirst (2009)          Park Chan Wook’s Thirst is a vampire film unlike any other. The reasons being that it is sensual, tragic, darkly funny and unexpectedly philosophical. The story follows a devoted priest who becomes a vampire after volunteering for a medical experiment intended to save lives. The priest is suddenly torn between his religious convictions and his bloodthirsty new instincts. He begins an affair that spirals into guilt, violence and moral decay. As always, Chan Wook's visual flair elevates the film. Also, the movie does not rely on typical vampire cliches clichés. It uses the supernatural to examine human weakness and spiritual conflict.     7. The Host (2006)          Though often labelled a monster movie, The Host is far more sophisticated than that simple description suggests. It is directed by the globally acclaimed Bong Joon Ho. But interestingly, this movie released before Parasite. It follows a dysfunctional but deeply loving family fighting to rescue their daughter from a mutated river creature that rises from Seoul’s Han River. The monster is frightening enough, but what sets the film apart is its blend of horror, political satire and heartfelt family drama. Bong uses the creature as a metaphor for Government failure, environmental negligence and societal indifference. It’s thrilling, funny, emotional and terrifying all at once.     8. The Call (2020)          A more recent addition to the Korean horror canon, The Call combines time-travel elements with psychological horror. The premise centres on two women living decades apart but connected through a mysterious telephone line. It starts as an unusual friendship, but it quickly turns nightmarish when one of the women uses their link to manipulate the timeline. She gives way to her own violent impulses. The film escalates at a breakneck pace. It blends sci-fi, thriller and horror into a uniquely chilling ride. Its unpredictable twists and menacing energy keep viewers on edge until the final seconds.     9. Whispering Corridors (1998)          A landmark in the revival of Korean horror during the late 1990s, Whispering Corridors is set in an elite all-girls school where mysterious deaths spark rumours of ghosts roaming the hallways. While it functions as a supernatural mystery, the film also critiques the pressures and abuses embedded within Korea’s academic system. Its success spawned a long-running anthology franchise, but the original remains the most impactful, thanks to its eerie atmosphere and emotionally charged storytelling. The school setting, with its empty classrooms and locked corridors, becomes a perfect stage for terror.     10. The Piper (2015)          Inspired by the classic legend of the Pied Piper, this folk-horror gem is set in the aftermath of the Korean War. A wandering piper and his son arrive at a remote village plagued by a rat infestation. At first welcomed, he is soon betrayed by the superstitious villagers. It leads to one of the most chilling revenge arcs in Korean horror. It begins as a quiet and almost pastoral drama. Then it slowly transforms into a grotesque and poetic retribution. The film’s unsettling tone, creepy creature design and moral lessons make it a standout for fans of folklore-based horror.One thing is for sure, Korean horror doesn't simply aim to shock. It often reflects deep-rooted cultural anxieties about family expectations, social hierarchy, Government mistrust, colonial trauma, religious conflict and the wounds left by rapid modernisation. Ghosts in Korean cinema are rarely just monsters. They are symbols of unresolved guilt or injustice. Monsters represent societal failures. Revenge stories become meditations on morality. Even zombie films carry emotional weight.Stylistically, K-horror thrives on atmosphere. Directors take their time setting up tension, focusing on mood, character psychology and beautiful-yet-ominous visuals. The result is a mix of artful storytelling and gut-wrenching fear that resonates with global audiences.Also Read: Inspection Bungalow Review: A Quirky Horror Comedy That Fumbles Its Final Stretch。国家疾控局等部门明确，2011年11月10日以后出生、年满13周岁的女孩，可免费接种2剂次双价HPV疫苗。     　　临近开学，很多家长都收到了地方疾控部门或学校发出的接种HPV疫苗的提示消息。一些家长对此也有顾虑，HPV疫苗必须接种吗?为何要将疫苗接种年龄划定为年满13周岁?近期，国家疾控局持续对相关问题进行答疑。     　　去年，我国将人乳头瘤病毒疫苗(即HPV疫苗)纳入国家免疫规划，自此，预防宫颈癌从“个人选择”走向“全民防护”。     　　接种HPV疫苗有何作用?简单来说，这是有科学证据证明的阻断宫颈癌发病最有效、最经济的一级防护措施。中国疾病预防控制中心研究员王富珍介绍，绝大多数(99%)的宫颈癌发病都与高危型HPV持续感染密切相关。对适龄人群接种HPV疫苗可有效降低宫颈癌患病风险。     　　根据国家癌症中心数据，我国宫颈癌新发和死亡病例仍处于较高水平。

B | 以2022年为例，当年我国宫颈癌新发病例超过15万例，死亡病例达到5.6万例，相当于近10分钟就有一名女性因宫颈癌离世。同时，近20年来我国宫颈癌的发病率呈上升且年轻化的趋势，部分病例甚至出现在20多岁未育女性中。

C |      　　有家长提出顾虑，13岁年龄太小，孩子大一点再打疫苗也不迟。对此，专家表示，确定13周岁为接种目标年龄，是因为该年龄段免疫应答效果较好。当前我国女性HPV感染率按年龄呈“双峰”分布，其中第一个高峰在17-24岁。中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划中心副主任安志杰表示，在首次暴露前接种疫苗能形成最佳的保护效果。     　　安志杰：从感染风险来看，HPV主要通过性行为感染，因此在感染几率增大之前进行HPV疫苗接种，可以获得更好的保护效果，最大限度发挥疫苗预防HPV感染的作用。从免疫效果来看，相关研究表明，9~14岁女孩接种HPV疫苗产生的抗体水平是15岁以上人群的两倍以上。因此在13周岁接种HPV疫苗，可以获得更高的抗体水平和更持久的保护效果。     　　专家建议，在适龄阶段早接种可形成长效免疫记忆，防护效力至少维持10年以上，宫颈癌发展周期长，提前接种才能从源头阻断感染。     　　近期，一些社交平台上出现“金秋入学将查验学生HPV疫苗接种情况，未接种不能入学”的帖子。对此，国家疾控局表示，HPV疫苗接种情况已纳入部分地区入学查验范围，但是否完成接种不会影响孩子入学。     　　国家疾控局表示，按照《儿童入托、入学预防接种证查验办法》开展预防接种证查验工作并非新设制度，而是依据《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》《中华人民共和国疫苗管理法》长期执行的常规程序，旨在核实接种情况、提醒补种。

D | HPV疫苗作为新纳入国家免疫规划的品种，在入学阶段对预防接种证进行查验是正常调整。但完成接种并非入学前置条件，未接种或未完成接种的学生不影响正常入学。

E |      　　王富珍介绍，家长可按照学校查验给出的健康提示及时给孩子进行接种。     　　国家疾控局提示，各地接种单位常态化开展免疫规划疫苗查漏补种工作。符合年龄要求的适龄女孩，如因故未能在规定时间内接种免费HPV疫苗，可在18周岁前到辖区接种点申请补种。     　　目前，国内市场上HPV疫苗有双价、四价、九价等多种价次。

F | 有家长担忧，纳入国家免疫规划的双价HPV疫苗不如其他价次疫苗效果好;已经完成四价或九价HPV疫苗全程接种，还需要再接种免费双价疫苗吗?疫苗接种过程中需要关注哪些问题?      　　目前，我国已上市的双价、四价、九价HPV疫苗的核心区别在于预防的病毒型号数量和覆盖的疾病范围不同。“价”代表疫苗能预防的HPV病毒亚型种类。

G | 选择接种四价或九价HPV疫苗的家长多看中其可防护更多型别的HPV病毒。     　　专家表示，双价HPV疫苗主要针对的HPV16和18型别病毒，是我国宫颈癌发病的元凶，可有效预防70%以上的宫颈癌发病。四价、九价HPV疫苗除了预防宫颈癌之外，也能够预防尖锐湿疣等疾病，家长可以综合考虑后进行选择。自费接种四价、九价HPV疫苗后，也视同完成国家免疫规划疫苗的接种。     　　中国疾病预防控制中心免疫规划首席专家王华庆介绍，双价HPV疫苗实施2剂次免疫程序，接种间隔是6个月。

H |      　　王华庆：双价HPV疫苗完成首剂接种后间隔半年接种第二剂次，间隔期最好不要超过一年。

I | 许多临床研究证据证明HPV疫苗和其他疫苗，如甲肝疫苗、乙肝疫苗、百白破疫苗、脊髓灰质炎疫苗、流脑疫苗等同时接种，没有发现有效性降低，安全性风险增加的情景。因此国际共识是HPV疫苗可以与其他疫苗同时接种，但需要注意的是同时接种要选择不同的部位，如左上臂接种HPV疫苗，右上臂接种其他类疫苗。

J |      　　专家同时提醒，HPV疫苗对已经发生的病毒感染无清除作用;北京协和医院妇产科学系主任医师朱兰表示，在接种疫苗后，仍建议女性定期进行宫颈癌筛查。     　　朱兰：HPV疫苗属于预防性疫苗，不能清除已存在的HPV感染，也不能阻止已有病变的进展，所以仍需要定期筛查。如果确定为宫颈癌前病变的患者，可以通过及早的临床治疗，健康管理和康复支持等措施，减少宫颈癌导致死亡的可能，提高患者的生存质量。

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